3/21/2024 0 Comments Authenticator totp vs hotpThe members consist of IBM, Axalto, Gemplus, VeriSign and a lot of other providers for software or hardware Identity Solutions on the market. We can find the “mission statement” directly on the OATH consortium homepage:Īn industry-wide collaboration to develop an open reference architecture by leveraging existing open standards for the universal adoption of strong authentication. OATH - Initiative For Open Authentication While OATH is a little bit more mature, most of the current development and changes happen arround the FIDO project. If we have a look at the currently supported, relevant specifications we can find two main industry consortiums / projects leading the authorships: OATH and Fido. The following picture shows the Google Authenticator application, supporting OATH-HOTP and OATH-TOTP. Using mobile phones as hardware platform for OTP applications has become more and more common over the last years. In the end, choosing the right one depends on the standards you need support for. There is also a credit-card-thin-fancy-e-ink-display-version from Token2 and a whole bunch of other forms and sizes from different manufacturers. With some support of the industry by giving discounts buying a YubiKey (for example 20% from Github or a key for 5$USD) it became one of the more widely used security tokens outside the enterprise environment. YubiKeys come in various shapes and different feature sets and support different types of OTPs. The CTO and one of the founders ( Jakob Ehrensvärd) is part of the team authoring some of the Fido Standards, which we will look into later (U2F and WebAuthn). This lead to another attack two months later on Lockheed Martin and maybe other customers.Īnother example of a hardware security token is the YubiKey from Yubico Ltd. In March/2011 RSA announced publicly an attack against their systems via spear phishing, losing some of the private keys. Of course, you have to keep your private keys private to prevent any attacks on the mechanism. During a multi-factor authentication, it can be used as a second factor because cryptographic keys ensure you must be in possession of the hardware token. They provide the user with an OTP which changes every minute. Since you usually need to possess them, a common usage is as a second factor.Īn example are RSA SecureID Tokens (PDF) which are often used in an enterprise environment. Security tokens are usually a piece of hardware which can have multiple features. In the end, even adding a simple second factor on the same channel, will increase authentication security over a static password. Creating a backup of a secret should not be possible, so you will need to store additional recovery codes, weakening the security measures. While aiming for a multi-factor, out-of-band authentication might be the most secure option, it can bring additional requirements for account/device recovery with it. SMS would also be an example for Out-Of-Band authentication, but is not advised by NIST without any counter measures for specific attacks, see Section 5 “Out-of-Band Verifiers” and “Authentication using the Public Switched Telephone Network” in the Digital Identity Guidelines - Authentication and Lifecycle Management 800-63B. If the second factor is generated on a dedicated device, we use a second channel. If you remember your static password and possess a cryptographic key on the same computer you are trying to authenticate, there is clearly only one channel used. Two Channel (or Out-Of-Band) authentication is an additional way to strengthen authentication security. It would also be possible to use OTPs in an authentication as your primary factor, but static passwords are a common pattern so most of the time they are used as a second factor. It is not just a second PIN you remember. The cryptographic key would be stored inside a hardware token or an application of the mobile phone you carry around. This will often be a one-time usable password (OTP), like a generated 6-digit code. To prove that you own a special cryptographic key without exposing it, you would usually present some kind of proof which would be valid for a limited amount of time. After adding a second factor, you are using two or multiple factor authentication. This could be something you carry with you (a security key), something you are (biometric data), somewhere you are (IP addresses, specific device details which are hard to spoof) or something you do (for example special gestures). To strengthen a login to a system, you could add one or multiple other factors. This is called a factor und usually it is something you know, your password for example. Two-Factors, Two-Channels and One-Time-Passwordsĭuring authentication you usually present one type of credentials to get access to a system.
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